Programowanie w systemie UNIX/ImageMagic

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Pomoc[edytuj]

wersja[edytuj]

ImageMagic ver. 6[edytuj]

 identify -version

lub: 

 convert --version

przykładowy wynik 

Version: ImageMagick 6.9.7-4 Q16 x86_64 20170114 http://www.imagemagick.org
Copyright: © 1999-2017 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: http://www.imagemagick.org/script/license.php
Features: Cipher DPC Modules OpenMP 
Delegates (built-in): bzlib djvu fftw fontconfig freetype jbig jng jpeg lcms lqr ltdl lzma openexr pangocairo png tiff wmf x xml zlib

W części Features brak HDRI, która jest dostępna od wersji 7[1]

Zamiast 

  convert

użyj: 

  magick

Linki[edytuj]

Opcje[edytuj]

Sprawdzamy dostepne opcje : 

   identify -list list

Przykładowy wynik : 

Align
Alpha
Boolean
Cache
Channel
Class
ClipPath
Coder
Color
Colorspace
Command
Compliance
Complex
Compose
Compress
Configure
DataType
Debug
Decoration
Delegate
Direction
Dispose
Distort
Dither
Endian
Evaluate
FillRule
Filter
Font
Format
Function
Gradient
Gravity
Intensity
Intent
Interlace
Interpolate
Kernel
Layers
LineCap
LineJoin
List
Locale
LogEvent
Log
Magic
Method
Metric
Mime
Mode
Morphology
Module
Noise
Orientation
PixelIntensity
Policy
PolicyDomain
PolicyRights
Preview
Primitive
QuantumFormat
Resource
SparseColor
Statistic
Storage
Stretch
Style
Threshold
Type
Units
Validate
VirtualPixel
Weight



colorspace[edytuj]

Sprawdzamy dostępne opcje: 

 identify -list colorspace

Przykładowy wynik: 

   
CIELab
CMY
CMYK
Gray
HCL
HCLp
HSB
HSI
HSL
HSV
HWB
Lab
LCH
LCHab
LCHuv
LMS
Log
Luv
OHTA
Rec601Luma
Rec601YCbCr
Rec709Luma
Rec709YCbCr
RGB
scRGB
sRGB
Transparent
XYZ
xyY
YCbCr
YDbDr
YCC
YIQ
YPbPr
YUV

depth[edytuj]

depth = głębokość koloru ( w bitach) na kanał ( ang. channel)

Przykład

  • PNG8
  • PNG24 ma głębokość koloru 8 x 3 kanały ( RGB) co daje 24 bitów na kolor pixela
  • PNG32 ma głębokość koloru 8 x 4 kanały ( RGBA) co daje 32 bitów na kolor pixela =
  • PNG48 ma głębokość koloru 12 x 4 kanały ( RGBA) co daje 48 bitów na kolor pixela = Truecolor and alpha
  • PNG64 ma głębokość koloru 16 x 4 kanały ( RGBA) co daje 64 bitów na kolor pixela = Truecolor and alpha


 convert -list type

Wynik : 

Bilevel
ColorSeparation
ColorSeparationAlpha
ColorSeparationMatte
Grayscale
GrayscaleAlpha
GrayscaleMatte
Optimize
Palette
PaletteBilevelAlpha
PaletteBilevelMatte
PaletteAlpha
PaletteMatte
TrueColorAlpha
TrueColorMatte
TrueColor

endianess[edytuj]

Sprawdzamy dostępne opcje :[2] 

  identify -list endian

Wynik : 

  LSB
  MSB

formaty plików[edytuj]

 convert -list format

Przykładowy wynik 

  Format  Module    Mode  Description
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      3FR  DNG       r--   Hasselblad CFV/H3D39II
      3G2  VIDEO     r--   Media Container
      3GP  VIDEO     r--   Media Container
      AAI* AAI       rw+   AAI Dune image
       AI  PDF       rw-   Adobe Illustrator CS2
     APNG  VIDEO     rw+   Animated Portable Network Graphics
      ART* ART       rw-   PFS: 1st Publisher Clip Art
      ARW  DNG       r--   Sony Alpha Raw Image Format
      AVI  VIDEO     r--   Microsoft Audio/Visual Interleaved
     AVIF* HEIC      rw+   AV1 Image File Format (1.11.0)
      AVS* AVS       rw+   AVS X image
      BGR* BGR       rw+   Raw blue, green, and red samples
     BGRA* BGR       rw+   Raw blue, green, red, and alpha samples
     BGRO* BGR       rw+   Raw blue, green, red, and opacity samples
      BIE* JBIG      rw-   Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format (2.1)
      BMP* BMP       rw-   Microsoft Windows bitmap image
     BMP2* BMP       rw-   Microsoft Windows bitmap image (V2)
     BMP3* BMP       rw-   Microsoft Windows bitmap image (V3)
      BRF* BRAILLE   -w-   BRF ASCII Braille format
      CAL* CALS      rw-   Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support Type 1
           Specified in MIL-R-28002 and MIL-PRF-28002
     CALS* CALS      rw-   Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support Type 1
           Specified in MIL-R-28002 and MIL-PRF-28002
   CANVAS* XC        r--   Constant image uniform color
  CAPTION* CAPTION   r--   Caption
      CIN* CIN       rw-   Cineon Image File
      CIP* CIP       -w-   Cisco IP phone image format
     CLIP* CLIP      rw+   Image Clip Mask
     CMYK* CMYK      rw+   Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black samples
    CMYKA* CMYK      rw+   Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and alpha samples
      CR2  DNG       r--   Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format
      CR3  DNG       r--   Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format
      CRW  DNG       r--   Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format
      CUR* ICON      rw-   Microsoft icon
      CUT* CUT       r--   DR Halo
     DATA* INLINE    rw+   Base64-encoded inline images
      DCM* DCM       r--   Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine image
           DICOM is used by the medical community for images like X-rays.  The
           specification, "Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
           (DICOM)", is available at http://medical.nema.org/.  In particular,
           see part 5 which describes the image encoding (RLE, JPEG, JPEG-LS),
           and supplement 61 which adds JPEG-2000 encoding.
      DCR  DNG       r--   Kodak Digital Camera Raw Image File
      DCX* PCX       rw+   ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush
      DDS* DDS       rw+   Microsoft DirectDraw Surface
    DFONT* TTF       r--   Multi-face font package (Freetype 2.10.4)
     DJVU* DJVU      r--   Deja vu
           See http://www.djvuzone.org/ for details about the DJVU format.  The
           DJVU 1.2 specification is available there and at
           ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/djvu/documents/.
      DNG  DNG       r--   Digital Negative
      DOT  DOT       ---   Graphviz
      DPX* DPX       rw-   SMPTE 268M-2003 (DPX 2.0)
           Digital Moving Picture Exchange Bitmap, Version 2.0.
           See SMPTE 268M-2003 specification at http://www.smtpe.org
           
     DXT1* DDS       rw+   Microsoft DirectDraw Surface
     DXT5* DDS       rw+   Microsoft DirectDraw Surface
     EPDF  PDF       rw-   Encapsulated Portable Document Format
      EPI  PS        rw-   Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format
      EPS  PS        rw-   Encapsulated PostScript
     EPS2  PS2       -w-   Level II Encapsulated PostScript
     EPS3  PS3       -w+   Level III Encapsulated PostScript
     EPSF  PS        rw-   Encapsulated PostScript
     EPSI  PS        rw-   Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format
      EPT  EPT       rw-   Encapsulated PostScript with TIFF preview
     EPT2  EPT       rw-   Encapsulated PostScript Level II with TIFF preview
     EPT3  EPT       rw+   Encapsulated PostScript Level III with TIFF preview
      ERF  DNG       r--   Epson Raw Format
      EXR  EXR       rw-   High Dynamic-range (HDR) (OpenEXR 2.5.4)
      FAX* FAX       rw+   Group 3 FAX
           FAX machines use non-square pixels which are 1.5 times wider than
           they are tall but computer displays use square pixels, therefore
           FAX images may appear to be narrow unless they are explicitly
           resized using a geometry of "150x100%".
           
     FILE* URL       r--   Uniform Resource Locator (file://)
     FITS* FITS      rw-   Flexible Image Transport System
  FRACTAL* PLASMA    r--   Plasma fractal image
      FTP* URL       r--   Uniform Resource Locator (ftp://)
      FTS* FITS      rw-   Flexible Image Transport System
       G3* FAX       rw-   Group 3 FAX
       G4* FAX       rw-   Group 4 FAX
      GIF* GIF       rw+   CompuServe graphics interchange format
    GIF87* GIF       rw-   CompuServe graphics interchange format (version 87a)
 GRADIENT* GRADIENT  r--   Gradual linear passing from one shade to another
     GRAY* GRAY      rw+   Raw gray samples
    GRAYA* GRAY      rw+   Raw gray and alpha samples
   GROUP4* TIFF      rw-   Raw CCITT Group4
       GV  DOT       ---   Graphviz
        H* MAGICK    -w-   Image expressed as a 'C/C++' char array
     HALD* HALD      r--   Identity Hald color lookup table image
      HDR* HDR       rw+   Radiance RGBE image format
     HEIC* HEIC      rw+   Apple High efficiency Image Format (1.11.0)
HISTOGRAM* HISTOGRAM -w-   Histogram of the image
      HRZ* HRZ       rw-   Slow Scan TeleVision
      HTM* HTML      -w-   Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map
     HTML* HTML      -w-   Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map
     HTTP* URL       r--   Uniform Resource Locator (http://)
    HTTPS* URL       r--   Uniform Resource Locator (https://)
      ICB* TGA       rw-   Truevision Targa image
      ICO* ICON      rw+   Microsoft icon
     ICON* ICON      rw-   Microsoft icon
      IIQ  DNG       r--   Phase One Raw Image Format
     INFO  INFO      -w+   The image format and characteristics
   INLINE* INLINE    rw+   Base64-encoded inline images
      IPL* IPL       rw+   IPL Image Sequence
   ISOBRL* BRAILLE   -w-   ISO/TR 11548-1 format
  ISOBRL6* BRAILLE   -w-   ISO/TR 11548-1 format 6dot
      J2C* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax (2.3.1)
      J2K* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax (2.3.1)
      JBG* JBIG      rw+   Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format (2.1)
     JBIG* JBIG      rw+   Joint Bi-level Image experts Group interchange format (2.1)
      JNG* PNG       rw-   JPEG Network Graphics
           See http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/ for details about the JNG
           format.
      JNX* JNX       r--   Garmin tile format
      JP2* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 File Format Syntax (2.3.1)
      JPC* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax (2.3.1)
      JPE* JPEG      rw-   Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (libjpeg-turbo 2.0.6)
     JPEG* JPEG      rw-   Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (libjpeg-turbo 2.0.6)
      JPG* JPEG      rw-   Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (libjpeg-turbo 2.0.6)
      JPM* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax (2.3.1)
      JPS* JPEG      rw-   Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (libjpeg-turbo 2.0.6)
      JPT* JP2       rw-   JPEG-2000 File Format Syntax (2.3.1)
     JSON  JSON      -w+   The image format and characteristics
      K25  DNG       r--   Kodak Digital Camera Raw Image Format
      KDC  DNG       r--   Kodak Digital Camera Raw Image Format
    LABEL* LABEL     r--   Image label
      M2V  VIDEO     rw+   MPEG Video Stream
      M4V  VIDEO     rw+   Raw VIDEO-4 Video
      MAC* MAC       r--   MAC Paint
   MAGICK* MAGICK    rw-   Predefined Magick Image (LOGO, ROSE, etc.); output same as 'H'
      MAP* MAP       rw-   Colormap intensities and indices
     MASK* MASK      rw+   Image Clip Mask
      MAT  MAT       rw+   MATLAB level 5 image format
    MATTE* MATTE     -w+   MATTE format
      MEF  DNG       r--   Mamiya Raw Image File
     MIFF* MIFF      rw+   Magick Image File Format
      MKV  VIDEO     rw+   Multimedia Container
      MNG* PNG       rw+   Multiple-image Network Graphics (libpng 1.6.37)
           See http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/ for details about the MNG
           format.
     MONO* MONO      rw-   Raw bi-level bitmap
      MOV  VIDEO     rw+   MPEG Video Stream
      MP4  VIDEO     rw+   VIDEO-4 Video Stream
      MPC* MPC       rw+   Magick Persistent Cache image format
      MPG  VIDEO     rw+   MPEG Video Stream
      MRW  DNG       r--   Sony (Minolta) Raw Image File
      MSL* MSL       rw+   Magick Scripting Language
     MSVG* SVG       rw+   ImageMagick's own SVG internal renderer
      MTV* MTV       rw+   MTV Raytracing image format
      MVG* MVG       rw-   Magick Vector Graphics
      NEF  DNG       r--   Nikon Digital SLR Camera Raw Image File
      NRW  DNG       r--   Nikon Digital SLR Camera Raw Image File
     NULL* NULL      rw-   Constant image of uniform color
      ORF  DNG       r--   Olympus Digital Camera Raw Image File
      OTB* OTB       rw-   On-the-air bitmap
      OTF* TTF       r--   Open Type font (Freetype 2.10.4)
      PAL* UYVY      rw-   16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
     PALM* PALM      rw+   Palm pixmap
      PAM* PNM       rw+   Common 2-dimensional bitmap format
    PANGO* PANGO     r--   Pango Markup Language (Pangocairo 1.48.2)
  PATTERN* PATTERN   r--   Predefined pattern
      PBM* PNM       rw+   Portable bitmap format (black and white)
      PCD* PCD       rw-   Photo CD
     PCDS* PCD       rw-   Photo CD
      PCL  PCL       rw+   Printer Control Language
      PCT* PICT      rw-   Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
      PCX* PCX       rw-   ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush
      PDB* PDB       rw+   Palm Database ImageViewer Format
      PDF  PDF       rw+   Portable Document Format
     PDFA  PDF       rw+   Portable Document Archive Format
      PEF  DNG       r--   Pentax Electronic File
      PES* PES       r--   Embrid Embroidery Format
      PFA* TTF       r--   Postscript Type 1 font (ASCII) (Freetype 2.10.4)
      PFB* TTF       r--   Postscript Type 1 font (binary) (Freetype 2.10.4)
      PFM* PFM       rw+   Portable float format
      PGM* PNM       rw+   Portable graymap format (gray scale)
      PGX* PGX       rw-   JPEG 2000 uncompressed format
    PICON* XPM       rw-   Personal Icon
     PICT* PICT      rw-   Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
      PIX* PIX       r--   Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
    PJPEG* JPEG      rw-   Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format (libjpeg-turbo 2.0.6)
   PLASMA* PLASMA    r--   Plasma fractal image
      PNG* PNG       rw-   Portable Network Graphics (libpng 1.6.37)
           See http://www.libpng.org/ for details about the PNG format.
    PNG00* PNG       rw-   PNG inheriting bit-depth, color-type from original if possible
    PNG24* PNG       rw-   opaque or binary transparent 24-bit RGB (zlib 1.2.11)
    PNG32* PNG       rw-   opaque or transparent 32-bit RGBA
    PNG48* PNG       rw-   opaque or binary transparent 48-bit RGB
    PNG64* PNG       rw-   opaque or transparent 64-bit RGBA
     PNG8* PNG       rw-   8-bit indexed with optional binary transparency
      PNM* PNM       rw+   Portable anymap
POCKETMOD  PDF       rw+   Pocketmod Personal Organizer
      PPM* PNM       rw+   Portable pixmap format (color)
  PREVIEW* PREVIEW   -w-   Show a preview an image enhancement, effect, or f/x
       PS  PS        rw+   PostScript
      PS2  PS2       -w+   Level II PostScript
      PS3  PS3       -w+   Level III PostScript
      PSB* PSD       rw+   Adobe Large Document Format
      PSD* PSD       rw+   Adobe Photoshop bitmap
     PTIF* TIFF      rw+   Pyramid encoded TIFF
      PWP* PWP       r--   Seattle Film Works
RADIAL-GRADIENT* GRADIENT  r--   Gradual radial passing from one shade to another
      RAF  DNG       r--   Fuji CCD-RAW Graphic File
      RAS* SUN       rw+   SUN Rasterfile
      RAW  DNG       r--   Raw
      RGB* RGB       rw+   Raw red, green, and blue samples
     RGBA* RGB       rw+   Raw red, green, blue, and alpha samples
     RGBO* RGB       rw+   Raw red, green, blue, and opacity samples
      RGF* RGF       rw-   LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Robot Graphic Format (black and white)
      RLA* RLA       r--   Alias/Wavefront image
      RLE* RLE       r--   Utah Run length encoded image
      RMF  DNG       r--   Raw Media Format
      RW2  DNG       r--   Panasonic Lumix Raw Image
      SCR* SCR       r--   ZX-Spectrum SCREEN$
      SCT* SCT       r--   Scitex HandShake
      SFW* SFW       r--   Seattle Film Works
      SGI* SGI       rw+   Irix RGB image
    SHTML* HTML      -w-   Hypertext Markup Language and a client-side image map
      SIX* SIXEL     rw-   DEC SIXEL Graphics Format
    SIXEL* SIXEL     rw-   DEC SIXEL Graphics Format
SPARSE-COLOR* TXT       -w+   Sparse Color
      SR2  DNG       r--   Sony Raw Format 2
      SRF  DNG       r--   Sony Raw Format
  STEGANO* STEGANO   r--   Steganographic image
      SUN* SUN       rw+   SUN Rasterfile
      SVG* SVG       rw+   Scalable Vector Graphics (XML 2.9.10)
     SVGZ* SVG       rw+   Compressed Scalable Vector Graphics (XML 2.9.10)
     TEXT* TXT       rw+   Text
      TGA* TGA       rw-   Truevision Targa image
THUMBNAIL* THUMBNAIL -w+   EXIF Profile Thumbnail
     TIFF* TIFF      rw+   Tagged Image File Format (LIBTIFF, Version 4.3.0)
   TIFF64* TIFF      rw+   Tagged Image File Format (64-bit) (LIBTIFF, Version 4.3.0)
     TILE* TILE      r--   Tile image with a texture
      TIM* TIM       r--   PSX TIM
      TTC* TTF       r--   TrueType font collection (Freetype 2.10.4)
      TTF* TTF       r--   TrueType font (Freetype 2.10.4)
      TXT* TXT       rw+   Text
     UBRL* BRAILLE   -w-   Unicode Text format
    UBRL6* BRAILLE   -w-   Unicode Text format 6dot
      UIL* UIL       -w-   X-Motif UIL table
     UYVY* UYVY      rw-   16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
      VDA* TGA       rw-   Truevision Targa image
    VICAR* VICAR     rw-   VICAR rasterfile format
      VID* VID       rw+   Visual Image Directory
    VIDEO  VIDEO     rw+   MPEG Video Stream
     VIFF* VIFF      rw+   Khoros Visualization image
     VIPS* VIPS      rw+   VIPS image
      VST* TGA       rw-   Truevision Targa image
     WBMP* WBMP      rw-   Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
     WEBM  VIDEO     rw+   Open Web Media
     WEBP* WEBP      rw+   WebP Image Format (libwebp 0.6.1 [020E])
      WMF* WMF       r--   Windows Meta File
      WMV  VIDEO     rw+   Windows Media Video
      WMZ* WMF       r--   Compressed Windows Meta File
      WPG* WPG       r--   Word Perfect Graphics
        X* X         rw+   X Image
      X3F  DNG       r--   Sigma Camera RAW Picture File
      XBM* XBM       rw-   X Windows system bitmap (black and white)
       XC* XC        r--   Constant image uniform color
      XCF* XCF       r--   GIMP image
      XPM* XPM       rw-   X Windows system pixmap (color)
      XPS  XPS       r--   Microsoft XML Paper Specification
       XV* VIFF      rw+   Khoros Visualization image
      XWD* XWD       rw-   X Windows system window dump (color)
    YCbCr* YCbCr     rw+   Raw Y, Cb, and Cr samples
   YCbCrA* YCbCr     rw+   Raw Y, Cb, Cr, and alpha samples
      YUV* YUV       rw-   CCIR 601 4:1:1 or 4:2:2

* native blob support
r read support
w write support
+ support for multiple images


limity[edytuj]

Limity:[3] Sprawdzamy 

  identify -list resource

lub 

  convert -list resource

Przykładowy wynik: 

Resource limits:
  Width: 107.374MP
  Height: 107.374MP
  Area: 33.1866GP
  List length: unlimited
  Memory: 15.4537GiB
  Map: 30.9074GiB
  Disk: unlimited
  File: 768
  Thread: 8
  Throttle: 0
  Time: unlimited

Możemy zmieniać :[4] 



 convert -limit memory 32 -limit map 64

policy.xml[edytuj]

Jest to plik[5][6]

  • xml
  • read-only
  • zawierający ustawienia

Najpierw znajdujemy plik : 

  sudo find /etc -name "policy.xml"

wynik: 

  /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

Znajdujemy odpowiednie parametry, np width i height: 


<policy domain="resource" name="width" value="16KP"/>
<policy domain="resource" name="height" value="16KP"/>


Zmieniamy w edytorze: 

  sudo gedit /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

Użycie[edytuj]

Metody

  • z konsoli
  • poprzez języki programowania

c[edytuj]

Instalacja : 

  apt-get install libmagickwand-dev

Przykłady użycia[edytuj]


dla wersji 7[edytuj]

  • magick (for convert)
  • magick identify (for identify)
  • magick mogrify (for mogrify)
  • magick montage (for montage)

Plik : tworzenie[edytuj]

Tworzenie pliku[9]

  • żródło
    • wbudowane obrazy ( ang. Built-in Images)[10]
    • wbudowane wzory (ang. builtin-patterns ) [11]
    • wbudowane algorytmy tworzenia obrazu ( ang. Pseudo-image Formats ) [12]
  • profil
    • wbudowane profile obrazu ( ang. Embedded Image Profiles )[13]

pfm[edytuj]

Tworzymy plik[14]

  • pfm ( PF = RGB color image)
  • wielkość 100x100 co daje 120.0 kB
  • endianess
  • wypełniony jednolitym czerwonym kolorem ( Pseudo-image Format xc )
 convert -size 100x100 xc:red -endian LSB red_LSB.pfm
 convert -size 100x100 xc:red -endian MSB red_MSB.pfm

Sprawdzmy: 

xxd red_LSB.pfm|head
00000000: 5046 0a31 3030 2031 3030 0a2d 312e 300a  PF.100 100.-1.0.
00000010: 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f  ...?...........?
00000020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000  ...........?....
00000030: 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........
00000040: 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f  ...?...........?
00000050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000  ...........?....
00000060: 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........
00000070: 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f  ...?...........?
00000080: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000  ...........?....
00000090: 0000 0000 0000 803f 0000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........



   xxd red_MSB.pfm|head

00000000: 5046 0a31 3030 2031 3030 0a31 2e30 0a3f  PF.100 100.1.0.?
00000010: 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000  ...........?....
00000020: 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........
00000030: 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f  ...?...........?
00000040: 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000  ...........?....
00000050: 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........
00000060: 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f  ...?...........?
00000070: 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000  ...........?....
00000080: 0000 0000 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000  .......?........
00000090: 0000 003f 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 003f  ...?...........?


Tworzymy plik pfm w skali szarości ( Pf) : 

 convert -size 100x100 xc:Gray -colorspace Gray  gray.pfm

sprawdzamy: 

   xxd gray.pfm|head

Wynik : 

00000000: 5066 0a31 3030 2031 3030 0a2d 312e 300a  Pf.100 100.-1.0.
00000010: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000020: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000030: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000040: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000050: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000060: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000070: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000080: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>
00000090: fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e fdfc fc3e  ...>...>...>...>

Wielkośc pliku: 

  wc -c red_MSB.pfm

lub 

  ls -l *

Wyniki:

  • red_LSB.pfm = 120016 B = 120.0 kB
  • red_MSB.pfm = 120015 B = 120.0 kB ( o jeden mniej bajt niż LSB, znak minus)
  • gray.pfm = 40016 B = 40.0 kB ( czyli 3 razy mniejszy od pliku RGB, pomijając nagłówek red_LSB.pfm czyli 16 B )

png[edytuj]

 magick rose: PNG32:rose32.png
 magick rose: PNG64:rose64.png
 convert rose: -colors 64 rose64.png

rose[edytuj]

Tworzenie pliku z obrazem rózy na podstawie wbudowanego pliku rose 

 convert rose rose.png

Plik: sprowdzanie[edytuj]

 identify -verbose red_MSB.pfm

Przykładowy wynik: 

Image: red_MSB.pfm
  Format: PFM (Portable float format)
  Class: DirectClass
  Geometry: 100x100+0+0
  Units: Undefined
  Type: Palette
  Base type: TrueColor
  Endianess: MSB
  Colorspace: sRGB
  Depth: 32/1-bit
  Channel depth:
    red: 1-bit
    green: 1-bit
    blue: 1-bit
  Channel statistics:
    Pixels: 10000
    Red:
      min: 65535 (1)
      max: 65535 (1)
      mean: 65535 (1)
      standard deviation: 0 (0)
      kurtosis: 0
      skewness: 0
      entropy: -nan
    Green:
      min: 0 (0)
      max: 0 (0)
      mean: 0 (0)
      standard deviation: 0 (0)
      kurtosis: 0
      skewness: 0
      entropy: -nan
    Blue:
      min: 0 (0)
      max: 0 (0)
      mean: 0 (0)
      standard deviation: 0 (0)
      kurtosis: 0
      skewness: 0
      entropy: -nan
  Image statistics:
    Overall:
      min: 0 (0)
      max: 65535 (1)
      mean: 21845 (0.333333)
      standard deviation: 0 (0)
      kurtosis: 0
      skewness: 0
      entropy: -nan
  Colors: 1
  Histogram:
     10000: (4294967295,         0,         0) #FFFFFFFF0000000000000000 red
  Rendering intent: Perceptual
  Gamma: 0.454545
  Chromaticity:
    red primary: (0.64,0.33)
    green primary: (0.3,0.6)
    blue primary: (0.15,0.06)
    white point: (0.3127,0.329)
  Background color: white
  Border color: srgb(223,223,223)
  Matte color: grey74
  Transparent color: black
  Interlace: None
  Intensity: Undefined
  Compose: Over
  Page geometry: 100x100+0+0
  Dispose: Undefined
  Iterations: 0
  Compression: Undefined
  Orientation: Undefined
  Properties:
    date:create: 2019-12-01T09:28:02+01:00
    date:modify: 2019-12-01T09:28:02+01:00
    signature: f3c3843113c9eab20f5826f19024dcbc4e4f5532b94d47bb5d5b80ed30d380f6
  Artifacts:
    filename: red_MSB.pfm
    verbose: true
  Tainted: False
  Filesize: 120KB
  Number pixels: 10K
  User time: 0.000u
  Elapsed time: 0:01.000
  Version: ImageMagick 6.9.7-4 Q16 x86_64 20170114 http://www.imagemagick.org

Plik: wyświetlanie[edytuj]

 display red_LSB.pfm


Plik: konwersja[edytuj]

 convert a.png -depth 12 PNG48:b.png

gradient koloru[edytuj]

  • dane w pliku pgm
  • gradient w postaci CLUT jako plik clut.ppm

Przykłady:[16]

gradient dyskretny: 

  convert input.pgm -level 0,65532 clut.ppm -interpolate integer -clut -depth 8 output.png

gradient ciągły 

    convert input.pgm -level 0,65532 clut.ppm  -clut -depth 8 output.png



paleta[edytuj]

Paleta z obrazu ( w trybie indeksowanym)[17] 

 convert m.png -unique-colors -colors 256 -format %c -depth 8  histogram:info:->palette2.txt

gamma[edytuj]

składnia:[18] 

 -gamma value

przykład uzycia 

 convert input.png -gamma .45455 output.png

Wartości:

  • zwykle pomiędzy 0.8 do 2.3
  • mniejsze niż 1.0 ściemniają
  • większe niż 1.0 rozjaśniają

Zobacz również:

Szum[edytuj]

Lista dostępnych typów szumu ( ang. noise) 

 convert -list noise

Typu

  • Gaussian
  • Impulse
  • Laplacian
  • Multiplicative
  • Poisson
  • Random
  • Uniform = no noise = solid gray


Utworzymy plik : 

 convert -size 1000x1000 xc:Gray -colorspace Gray +noise Uniform uniform.pgm

Opecje: 


 convert -size 300x200 xc:gray -attenuate 0.5 +noise random out.bmp

 convert -size 600x400 xc:gray +noise random -colorspace gray -threshold 50% noise.png

histogram[edytuj]

Histogram w postaci:[23]

  • pliku z wykresem
  • pliku tekstowego
  convert gauss.pgm -colorspace Gray -define histogram:unique-colors=false histogram:g.png

Kod[edytuj]

  • Quantum - wewnętrzną reprezentacją piksela w ImageMagick
  • QuantumDepth
  • Quantum Typedef
  • QuantumRange:
  "Internally, IM scales pixel values from the quantumrange of the 16-bit per channel images (range 0 to 65535 integers) or 8-bit per channel images (range 0 to 255 integers) to the range 0 to 1 (floats). But when processing is done, it converts back to integers of the quantumrange before writing out the image."[24]

Problemy[edytuj]

convert-im6.q16hdri: cache resources exhausted[edytuj]

Przy konwersji duzego pliku pojawia się komunikat: 

 convert-im6.q16hdri: cache resources exhausted

Rozwiązanie: zmiana limitów:


Sprawdzamy limity:[26] 

 identify -list policy

Zmieniamy doraźnie:[27] 

  convert -limit memory 100mb -limit disk 1gb -resize 100x100 p.png p2.png


Zmieniamy limity na stałe w pliku policy.xml: 

 sudo gedit /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

z : 

 <policy domain="resource" name="disk" value="1GiB">

na 

 <policy domain="resource" name="disk" value="10GiB"/>

pomoc[edytuj]

offline[edytuj]

 convert --help

lub 

 man convert

Źródła[edytuj]

  1. ↑ imagemagick high-dynamic-range
  2. ↑ imagemagick : endian
  3. ↑ imagemagick command-line-options : limit
  4. ↑ Image Magick : limit
  5. ↑ askubuntu question: imagemagick-command-line-convert-limit-values
  6. ↑ imagemagick resources
  7. ↑ commons:Category:Created_with_ImageMagick
  8. ↑ commons:Category:Images_with_Image_Magic_source_code
  9. ↑ imagemagick : canvas creation
  10. ↑ Wbudowane obrazy
  11. ↑ wbudowane wzory
  12. ↑ pseudo formats
  13. ↑ Embedded Image Profiles
  14. ↑ stackoverflow question : does-anyone-know-how-to-convert-to-little-endian-pfm-file-from-imagemagic
  15. ↑ png write
  16. ↑ Paul Tol's Notes
  17. ↑ imagemagick : identify
  18. ↑ image magick : gamma
  19. ↑ autogamma -Fred's ImageMagick Scripts
  20. ↑ h vidtfeldts : gamma-correction
  21. ↑ stackoverflow question: generate-random-bmp-in-cli
  22. ↑ stackoverflow question: generate-image-of-certain-resolution-containing-black-and-white-noise
  23. ↑ imagemagick : histogram
  24. ↑ imagemagick.org: dyskusja
  25. ↑ ImageMagick cache resources exhausted resolved by Grant
  26. ↑ imagemagick: architecture, tera-pixel
  27. ↑ imagemagick: Cache resources exhausted
Źródło: „https://pl.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Programowanie_w_systemie_UNIX/ImageMagic&oldid=424143”